• Hydration: Drinking plenty of water (2-3 liters per day) helps flush out the urinary system and can facilitate the passage of smaller stones.
• Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or naproxen are often recommended. In some cases, stronger prescription pain medications may be needed.
• Medications: Certain medications can help pass kidney stones, such as alpha blockers (e.g., tamsulosin), which relax the muscles in the ureter and help stones pass more quickly with less pain.

Medical Procedures

• Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): This non-invasive procedure uses shock waves to break the kidney stones into smaller pieces that can be passed in the urine.
• Ureteroscopy: A thin scope is passed through the urethra and bladder to the ureter where the stone is located. The stone can be either removed or broken into smaller pieces using a laser.
• Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: This is a more invasive procedure where a small incision is made in the back, and instruments are used to remove the stone directly from the kidney. This is usually reserved for larger stones.

Preventive Measures

• Dietary Changes: Reducing intake of sodium, oxalate-rich foods (e.g., spinach, nuts), and animal protein can help prevent stone formation. Increasing intake of calcium-rich foods and citrate (found in citrus fruits) can also be beneficial.
• Medications: For people with recurrent stones, medications such as thiazide diuretics, potassium citrate, or allopurinol might be prescribed to prevent stone formation.
• Regular Monitoring: Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor for new stones and adjust preventive measures as needed.

If you’re experiencing symptoms of kidney stones or have a history of kidney stones, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for your specific situation.